1. Oxygen: When steel comes into contact with oxygen in the atmosphere, it undergoes an oxidation process. Steel containing iron forms iron oxide (rust) during this process.

2. Water: The presence of water accelerates the oxidation process. When water comes into contact with the steel surface, water molecules disrupt the iron oxide layer on the steel surface, leading to further oxidation.

3. Salts and Pollutants: Salts and pollutants in the air (e.g., salty water, road salts) can accelerate the rusting process on the steel surface. These substances can promote oxidation on the steel surface.

4. pH Value: Environmental conditions, including pH levels, can affect the rate of rusting. Acidic environments can lead to faster rusting of steel.


There are various methods to prevent or reduce rusting:

• Use Stainless Steel: Stainless steel, strengthened with alloys like chromium and nickel, is a type of steel that is resistant to rust.

• Coating and Painting: Applying a coating or paint to the steel surface can protect it from exposure to water and oxygen.

• Galvanization: Coating the steel surface with zinc can prevent rusting. Zinc reacts with water and oxygen to form a protective layer against rust.

• Passivation: The passivation process is used to enhance the rust resistance of steel surfaces. During this process, the steel surface is chemically treated to make it more passive and resistant to rust.


Understanding why steel rusts is important for maintaining and protecting steel products. Taking appropriate measures to extend the life of steel products and prevent rusting is essential.