Martensite is a type of crystal structure in steel or iron alloys. This crystal structure forms when steel is rapidly cooled and the transformation occurs. The martensitic structure has a compact arrangement and is harder compared to other crystal structures, especially ferrite or pearlite structures.
The formation of martensite occurs when the atoms in the steel are rapidly rearranged during a quick cooling or tempering process. This crystal structure is commonly used in hardened steels and the production of cutting tools like knives because martensitic steels typically offer high hardness and wear resistance.
Martensitic steel or material is often designed and utilized during heat treatment processes to have the desired properties. This is done to improve the mechanical properties of steels or make them suitable for specific applications.