1. Rust Prevention: Galvanization is an effective method used to prevent metal surfaces from rusting. Rust forms when metal surfaces come into contact with oxygen and moisture, and galvanization prevents this contact.

2. Galvanization Process: The galvanization process involves coating a metal surface with a layer of zinc. This coating prevents the metal from rusting because when zinc comes into contact with oxygen and water, it forms a zinc oxide layer that protects the underlying metal surface.

3. Hot-Dip and Electroplating Galvanization: Galvanization is typically carried out in two ways: hot-dip and electroplating. Hot-dip galvanization involves immersing metal parts into hot zinc melt, ensuring that the zinc coating adheres to the metal surface. Electroplating galvanization uses an electrochemical process to attract the zinc coating to the metal surface using an electric current.

4. Durability and Protection: Galvanization not only protects metal surfaces from rust and corrosion but can also enhance their mechanical durability. As a result, it is a preferred protective coating method for structural components, roofing materials, fences, and many industrial applications.

Galvanization is a crucial process to ensure the longevity of metal and make it resistant to environmental factors. This process is commonly favored, especially for metal structures and equipment exposed to outdoor conditions.